This report presents findings from the [biannual] 2006 Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC) on the juvenile offender population held in custody. Highlights of findings include: 1) the population of juvenile offenders in custody continue to decline, down 3 percent from 2004; 2) the proportion of residents held in facilities that were at or above the limit of their standard bed capacity dropped from 40 percent in 2000 to 31 percent in 2006; and 3) in 2006, 4 percent of facilities, holding 11 percent of juvenile offenders in custody, exceeded their standard bed capacity or had juveniles sleeping in makeshift beds. This biannual Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC) collected information about the facilities in which juvenile offenders were held. The participating facilities provided information about characteristics, such as their size, structure, type, ownership, and security arrangements. They also described the range of services they provided to youth in their care, such as education, physical health, mental health, and substance abuse services. Additional findings were reported on the number of juveniles who died in custody over the past 12 months.